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Educational purposes only, not financial advice. Graphl teaches which economic framework applies and how its mechanism works; it does not solve assessment problems for you.

  1. Library
  2. /
  3. Government Budget Constraint & Seigniorage
  4. /
  5. Scenario

Advanced Macro & Growth · intro

A war deficit is handed to the printing press

What moves on the Government Budget Constraint & Seigniorage diagram

  • Deficit to financeshifts up (large)

A bigger deficit financed by money creation needs a higher inflationinflationA sustained rise in the overall price level, eroding money's purchasing power. tax. As the deficit line approaches the Laffer peak, the stable equilibriumequilibriumThe point where opposing forces balance, quantity supplied equals quantity demanded, so there's no pressure for price to change. runs out of room.

Watch it animateQuiz yourself on Government Budget Constraint & Seigniorage

Step by step

  1. 1

    The government cannot tax or borrow enough, so the deficit is financed by printing money.

  2. 2

    War spending explodes and the deficit line jumps up.

  3. 3

    The required inflationinflationA sustained rise in the overall price level, eroding money's purchasing power. rate slides up the seigniorageseigniorageGovernment revenue from printing money, an implicit tax paid through inflation. hill toward the peak.

  4. 4

    Get too close to the peak and there is no room left: one more shock tips the economy into the unstable region where hyperinflation lives.

Where this shows up

Examiners ask this as: war finance, printing press, war deficit, military spending, weimar reparations.

Other scenarios on Government Budget Constraint & Seigniorage

Citizens flee the currency for dollars →A stabilization program slashes the deficit →