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Educational purposes only, not financial advice. Graphl teaches which economic framework applies and how its mechanism works; it does not solve assessment problems for you.

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  3. Externalities & Pigouvian Taxes
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  5. Scenario

Micro Foundations · intro

Cleaner technology shrinks the external cost

What moves on the Externalities & Pigouvian Taxes diagram

  • MSCshifts right (small)

Abatement technology reduces the marginal external cost per unit, moving the marginal social cost curve toward private supply and shrinking the welfare loss from overproduction.

Watch it animateQuiz yourself on Externalities & Pigouvian Taxes

Step by step

  1. 1

    The gap between private supply and marginal social cost is the external cost imposed on everyone else.

  2. 2

    The industry adopts filtration technology that cuts emissions per unit sharply.

  3. 3

    The MSC curve falls toward the private supply curve: the wedge narrows.

  4. 4

    The socially optimal quantity moves closer to the market quantity, so the deadweight lossdeadweight lossValue that simply vanishes when a market is pushed away from its efficient quantity, trades worth making that don't happen. from overproduction shrinks.

Where this shows up

Examiners ask this as: clean technology, less pollution, external cost falls, scrubbers, renewable.

Other scenarios on Externalities & Pigouvian Taxes

A carbon tax is introduced →The pollution turns out worse →Demand boom for a polluting good →A dirtier process widens the external cost →Weak demand accidentally cuts the pollution →An industrial boom magnifies the market failure →