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Educational purposes only, not financial advice. Graphl teaches which economic framework applies and how its mechanism works; it does not solve assessment problems for you.

  1. Library
  2. /
  3. Keynesian Cross
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  5. Scenario

Macro Foundations · advanced

Fear makes households save each extra dollar

What moves on the Keynesian Cross diagram

  • PEshifts down (small)

A fall in the marginal propensity to consume flattens the planned expenditure line, lowering equilibriumequilibriumThe point where opposing forces balance, quantity supplied equals quantity demanded, so there's no pressure for price to change. output and shrinking the size of the multipliermultiplierThe amount total output changes per dollar of initial spending change, powered by respending: 1/(1−MPC) in the simplest case..

Watch it animateQuiz yourself on Keynesian Cross

Step by step

  1. 1

    The slope of the expenditure line is the marginal propensity to consume: how much of each extra dollar gets spent.

  2. 2

    A financial scare makes households fear job losses, so they bank more of every pay rise.

  3. 3

    The expenditure line gets flatter rather than simply shifting down.

  4. 4

    A flatter line means a smaller multipliermultiplierThe amount total output changes per dollar of initial spending change, powered by respending: 1/(1−MPC) in the simplest case.: the same stimulus now buys less extra output. Slope changes and position changes are different exam answers.

Where this shows up

Examiners ask this as: confidence collapse, mpc falls, precautionary saving, flatter expenditure, smaller multiplier.

Other scenarios on Keynesian Cross

Stimulus meets the multiplier →The paradox of thrift →Consumers spend a bigger share →An infrastructure program multiplies through →Austerity contracts income by a multiple →An export boom injects demand from abroad →