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Educational purposes only, not financial advice. Graphl teaches which economic framework applies and how its mechanism works; it does not solve assessment problems for you.

  1. Library
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  3. Public Goods & the Free-Rider Problem
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  5. Scenario

Micro Foundations · intro

Donations collapse as free-riding spreads

What moves on the Public Goods & the Free-Rider Problem diagram

  • Private MBshifts left (large)

Free-riding hides true willingness to pay. The private MB curve shifts left while social MB stays put, widening the underprovision gap.

Watch it animateQuiz yourself on Public Goods & the Free-Rider Problem

Step by step

  1. 1

    The good is funded by voluntary contributions, which reveal only private willingness to pay.

  2. 2

    People realize they get the benefit whether or not they chip in, so more and more stop paying.

  3. 3

    Revealed private willingness to pay collapses: the private MB curve shifts left.

  4. 4

    Provision falls even further below the social optimum. The true social value hasn't changed at all, only what people admit to.

Where this shows up

Examiners ask this as: free rider, donations collapse, public broadcaster, nobody pays, voluntary contributions dry up.

Other scenarios on Public Goods & the Free-Rider Problem

A pandemic raises the value of mass vaccination →New technology slashes the cost of provision →